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The 1-DNJ named 1-deoxynojirimycinis (2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol, which is the nature active components existingin mulberryresources including leaves, stems, roots and silkworm larva, silkworm chrysalis, etc.The 1-deoxynojirimycin is a polyhydroxylated piperidine alkaloid, which was first found in Streptomyces as an antibiotic. Then the Japanese researchers isolated it from the mulberry root. 1-DNJ can inhibit postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing intestinal alpha glucosidase. Therefore, 1-DNJ is often used to treat treating diabetes and complicating disease and to prevent obesity and weight-related disorders. With the development of the researches, 1-deoxynojirimycin and its derivtiv was discovered to possess anti-hyperglycemic, anti-virus, anti-tumor functions and so on. Therefore,based on our current studythe existing knowledge on source, technique preparation process, pharmacokinetics, bioactivties,and in silico target fishing of 1-DNJ were summarized, so that the researchers may use it to explore future perspective of research on 1-DNJ.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the abdominal adipose area, serum adiponectin and leptin levels of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in elderly males.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 238 elderly males (more than 60 years) were enrolled and divided into three groups: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group (n = 76), matching group (age and body mass index matching with NAFLD group, n = 77), normal control group (n = 85). Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were measured by RIA (radiological immunological assay). Abdominal adipose area was detected by computer tomography.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) body mass index (BMI), abdominal subcutaneous adipose area, visceral adipose area, total adipose area of NAFLD group and matching group were (26.87+/-2.62) kg/m2 and (26.63+/-1.97) kg/m2, (166.59+/-54.27) cm2 and (147.89+/-50.14) cm2, (148.94+/-53.72) cm2 and (150.06+/-45.47) cm2, (315.25+/-89.42) cm2 and (297.93+/-75.12) cm2, respectively; and were higher than those in control group (P less than 0.01). The abdominal subcutaneous adipose area is higher in NAFLD group than in matching group, however, the abdominal visceral adipose area and total adipose area were not significantly different between those two groups. (2) The serum leptin level in NAFLD group and matching group was significantly higher than that in control group, and serum leptin level was not significantly different between NAFLD group and matching group. The serum adiponectin of NAFLD group [(6.31+/-3.31)mug/ml] was significantly lower than that of matching group [(9.87+/-7.071)mug/ml, P less than 0.01] and control group (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in adiponectin level between matching group and control group. 3) AST, TG, abdominal subcutaneous adipose area, abdominal visceral adipose area were risk factors of NAFLD, while serum adiponectin was protective factor of NAFLD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These data indicate that elderly male NAFLD patients manifest abdominal obesity, high serum leptin, low serum adiponecin, and suggest that adiponectin may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in elderly males.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Adiponectin , Blood , Body Mass Index , Fatty Liver , Leptin , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the plasma membrane integrity and morphology of fresh and frozen goat spermatozoa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ejaculates of three male goats were obtained by the artificial vagina method of collection and the rates of sperm abnormality and acrosome integrity were detected after freezing-thawing processing. The plasma membrane integrity of the fresh and frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa was evaluated with a combination of fluorescent probes, carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The freezing-thawing process significantly influenced the viability and integrity of the spermatozoa ([74.43 +/- 13.78]% vs. [46.25 +/- 2.69]%; [64.26 +/- 7.03]% vs. [6.27 +/- 2.90]%, P < 0.01). The results showed differences in acrosome integrity rate between the fresh and frozen samples ([80.77 +/- 10.70]% vs. [58.42 +/- 18.05]% , P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The freezing-thawing process significantly reduces sperm viability and acrosome integrity and seriously damages the plasma membrane integrity.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cell Membrane Structures , Cryopreservation , Goats , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Semen Preservation , Sperm Motility , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that the polymorphism of CCR2-64I was not associated with hypertension in Han Chinese elders.
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Objective Clinical data of 19 Chinese patients with 21 hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) were analyzed to improve the diagnosis and treatment level. Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from 19 patients with 21OHD before and after treatment. Results In male patients, the average age of early appearance of secondary sexual character was (9.3?2.8)yrs, and excess androgen resulted in phallic enlargement. Primary amenorrhea was the most common complaint in female(87.5%), and the signs included a varying degree of labioscrotal fusion and clitoral enlargement. The average level of 17-hydroxy progesterone(17OHP) was (63.42?35.07) ?g/L, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH), dehydroepiandrosterone(sodium) sulfate(DHEAS) and testosterone(T) were obviously elevated. CT scan showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. The level of 17OHP was significantly decreased after treatment[(63.42?35.07) ?g/L vs (3.15?2.71) ?g/L](P
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Objective To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of 10 Chinese patients with 17? hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency (17OHD). Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from 7 kindreds with 17OHD. PCR products and subclone sequencing were performed to screen the mutation of CYP17A1 gene. Results All patients had typical clinical presentation of sexual infantilism, hypertension and hypokalemia. The laboratory examinations indicated decreased plasma cortisol, 17-hydroxy progesterone, estradiol and testosterone, and elevated blood adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH), follcie-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH). CT scan showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. 5 CYP17A1 mutations were identified, 4 of which are novel types D487_F489del, the most frequent mutation, was identified in 4 families and 45% alleles. Conclusion Our study indicates that 17OHD should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with sexual infantilism. D487_F489del is the most frequent mutation in Chinese 17OHD patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the difference of galectin-3 and CD44v6 expression between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and to evaluate their clinical value in distinguishing thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of galectin-3 and CD44v6 was immunohistochemically detected by the ABC method in 143 benign and malignant thyroid nodule samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of these two markers in benign thyroid nodules: galectin-3 was negative in 10 cases of para-cancer normal tissue and 14 cases of benign nodules found in the other benign thyroid disease. It was weakly positive in 4 of 52 nodular goiter (7.7%). Also it was weakly positive in 2 of 22 follicular adenomas (9.1%). But all three eosinophilic follicular adenomas were diffusely or focally positive for galectin-3. CD44v6 was negative in 10 cases of para-cancer normal tissue, but positive in 4 of 14 nodular lesions found in benign thyroid diseases (28.6%). It was also positive in 16 of 52 nodular goiters (30.8%), and weakly positive in 7 of 22 follicular adenomas (31.8%). The two markers in malignant lesions: galectin-3 was positive in 50 of 52 thyroid adenocarcinoma (96.2%), CD44v6 was positive in 42 of 52 thyroid adenocarcinoma (80.8%). The positive rate of galectin-3 and CD44v6 expression in thyroid cancer was significantly higher than that in benign thyroid nodule and normal tissue (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of galectin-3 combined with CD44v6 in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodule were 80.8%, 93.4%, 88.8%; they were 96.2%, 90.1%, 92.3% for Galectin-3 alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 and CD44v6 by the ABC method is significantly higher in thyroid cancers than in benign thyroid nodules, especially galectin-3 in thyrocyte being helpful in differentiating benign thyroid nodule from thyroid cancer.</p>